Garlic Farming – Guidelines For Soil And Various Core Part
Garlic harvesting For Soil And Various Core Part
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a crucial bulb crop grown and used to spice or condiment throughout India. It is also a significant foreign exchange receiving crop for India. Garlic has a higher nutritional value than other bulb crops.
Garlic is a bulbous plant that is the basis of the Amaryllidaceae family. Turnips, onions, leeks etc., belong to this family. The scientific name of garlic is Allium sativum. The garlic plant grows to a height of 4 feet and produces flowers.
It can be propagated both sexually and vegetatively. For cultivation purposes, garlic propagates asexually by sowing cloves. There are distinct varieties of garlic for different uses.
For garlic farming, we need several products which help grow the plants. Among those, the tractor plays a significant role in it; thus, most farmers use the Powertrac 439 tractor.
India exports dried garlic, fresh and chilled garlic, dehydrated garlic flakes, and garlic powder and oil to Bahrain, Bangladesh, Germany, and Japan.
Garlic is mainly cultivated in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Soil For Garlic Farming
Garlic crop grows in well-drained loam with the optimum amount of potash. However, crops grown on loose soil or sand have poor quality keeping and produce light bulbs.
Garlic tubers grown in heavy soil become distorted, and during harvesting, many of the bulbs crack and break. As a result, bulbs discolour badly, soil with poor drainage.
For clove development, Acidic soils are not suitable. Although a PH range between 5 to 7 had little effect on yield and growth.
Climate For Garlic Farming
Under a broad range of climates, the Garlic crop grows. However, it can not endure a climate that is too hot or too cold. Therefore, garlic crops prefer medium temperature in winter as well as summer.
Extremely hot or prolonged dry periods are not conducive to bulb formation. It is a frost-hardy plant that requires cool and moist periods during growth and relatively dry periods during bulb maturity.
Garlic bulbing formation occurs during long days and at the highest temperatures. A temperature of 25-30°C is most supported for bulb formation.
Variety Of Garlic Farming
These are disease resistant and high yielding garlic varieties used in commercial Garlic cultivation.
Godavari, Shweta, GG-4, Phule Balwant, VL Garlic 1, VL Lahsun 2, Ooty 1, Agrifound Parvati, Agrifound Parvati 2, Agrifound White, Yamuna Safed, Yamuna Safed 2, Yamuna Safed 3
Propagation
Garlic is propagated by planting cloves or aerial bulbs, or bulbils.
They are propagated by aerial bulbs when a close location is adopted. Thus, Ariel bulbs are more productive than clones.
Large cloves give more yield. In addition, the seed should be virus-free.
Season Of Garlic Planting
Garlic cultivation season is not uniform across India.
Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh:- August to November.
The northern state of India:- September to November.
Hilly areas:- March – April. In
West Bengal:- November
Garlic Planting
- The soil should well prepare by frequent ploughing, then apply well-rotted FYM @ 10 to 20 t/ha.
- 15 cm x 10 cm is the ideal spacing, and the seed rate is 500 to 600 kg cloves per hectare.
- Below are available methods for garlic sowing-
- Furrow planting
- Dibbling
- Broadcasting
- When close spacing is adopted when planting garlic, the bulb size is reduced, but the total yield increases; When wider spacing is assumed, bulb size increases, but overall yield decreases.
- Garlic responds well to organic manure, so apply well-decomposed FYM @ 20 t/ha at the time of field preparation for garlic cultivation.
- Potassium, phosphorus, Nitrogen are applied @ 60 kg each.
- Nitrogen provides two divided doses; One at planting time, the other is 30 days after planting.
- The borax application @ 10 kg/ha uses to uplift bulb size and crop yield.
Garlic farming – Irrigation
Light irrigation gives to the field before sowing. In garlic farming, there are 3 three methods such as drip irrigation, furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
During the initial stages, irrigation is repeating every 3rd. After that, crop irrigation is more frequent, such as once a week; subsequently, it starts once every 15 days.
Frequency is reduced, crop matures, irrigation is stopped at the time of harvesting.
Garlic farming – Intercultural Operations
Garlic is a closely sowing crop; Thus, manual weeding is tedious, costly, and may cause crop damage. Therefore, chemical herbicides such as pendimethalin (1.5 kg/ha), linuron (2.25 kg/ha) and tribunal (2.1 kg/ha) are helpful.
Weeding helps to loosen the soil just before bulb formation in the crop and helps in large and compact bulbs.
Garlic farming -Harvesting
Garlic crop is ready for harvest in 130-152 days after sowing, depending on soil, season and cultivar.
When the tops turn yellow and show signs of bending and drying, we can determine that the crop is ready for harvesting.
For long periods early harvest can not store because outcomes would be of poor quality.
For garlic harvesting, the most prominent thing is the tractor; therefore, we are suggesting the Powertrac 439 Plus is the best in fieldwork.
The bulbs are carefully picked and cleaned, the leaves tied in the top shade are dried in a week, and the bulbs are a cure for proper drying for about 3-4 days in the shade for the highest of one week before storage.
For more inquiry and knowledge about Garlic farming, stay tuned with us.
