What is a Pump ?
A Pump is a device or machine use for transferring liquids or gas by the mechanical action.
In this article I am going to discuss about centrifugal pump.
There are two types of pumps:-
1.Dynamic pump and
2 .Displacement pump
What is the centrifugal pump ?
A centrifugal pumps is a rotodynamic pump.
It is designed for transferring liquids or gases. Liquid transfer from suctions of the pumps to discharge sides. It is Transfer by converting kinetic of energy of liquids into potential energy.
Now, let us understand
a. how it works and
b. it’s various parts,
c. applications ,
d. advantages and
e. Disadvantages
What is Working Principle of Centrifugal Pump
As we have discussed, this pump works on transfer of kinetic energy through rotor of blade.
Let us understand in details.
Fluid enters the casing of a centrifugal pump.
It falls on the impeller blades at the eye of the impeller.
Impeller rotates with high speed.
Liquids on the impeller thrown out and exits the diffuser of the pump.
The fluid gains velocity and pressure as it passes through the impeller.
The basic operating principle of a centrifugal pump is that an external force causes a specific mass of liquid to rotate. This forces throws away the liquids from the central axis of rotation and allowing it to rise to higher levels.
Parts of Centrifugal pump
Let us discuss about parts of this pump.
The parts of the pumps are :-
1.Impeller : -Impeller is rotating part of the pump. It transfers kinetic energy of liquids to the potential energy of liquid or gas.
2.Diffuser :-The area of diffuser increases slowly.
It helps in converting kinetic energy of liquids to potential energy.
Here, kinetic energy of liquids transfer to potential energy which help in transfer liquids from suction to discharge.
3.Vanes :- Vanes help in guiding the liquid to move from eye of the pump to diffuser.
4.Shaft sealing :- Sealing is provided which prevents the leakage of liquid being pumped.
5.Eye :- From eye of the impeller liquids come in the pump.
6.Stuffing box :-The above whole parts arrange in the stuffing box.
Applications of Centrifugal pump
Today, this pump is used in every industry
1.For supplying water in the residential areas.
2.In the fire protection system centrifugal p/p is apply.
3.Use for the disposal of slurry or sewage liquids.
4.Food manufacturing industry.
5.Use in the chemical industry.
6.Use in Oil and gas industry.
7. Use in Irrigation in agriculture industry.
The application of pump is in almost all industries.
Now, we will talk about advantages and Disadvantages of Centrifugal pump
Must Read :- Fusible Plug
Advantages of Centrifugal pumps
1.It can be used for transferring dangerous and hazardous liquid or gases.
2.Very less frictional loss in this pump.
3 It is very easy to operate so no need of more experience.
4.efficiency of this pump is very high.
5.Noise is less.
6.Very less maintenance.
Disadvantages of Centrifugal pumps
Disadvantages are :-
1.The main disadvantages of this pump is rotation, this pump use rotations instead of suction which cause very less suction power at eye of the impeller.
2.Priming :- Priming of Centrifugal pumps means filling of stuffing box fully with water.
3.Cavitations :- A Cavitation is a process occurs liquid inside the pumps turn into vapour at low pressure.
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Why we need to prime the centrifugal pump before starting ?
Priming simply means to prepare or get something ready for use. A centrifugal pump must be filled with water in order to function properly. Most centrifugal pumps are incapable of pumping vapours or gases, and doing so repeatedly will cause the pump impeller to wear out.
In village for agriculture, people do priming with the help of cow dunk and start filling water. Cow dunk help in removing all the air present in the pump.
Centrifugal pump used on ship is generally below the water level of sea. So, there is no requirement of doing priming because casing of pump is full filled with sea water.
Priming is main disadvantages of this pump so, it is not used in fuel supplying to the engine. priming of pump is mainly done by two methods
Manually or automatically
Manually, we need to fill the water in the casing of pump which remove the air present in the casing. And external vent system is present which remove by sucking the air. This is automatic method .
This is all about centrifugal pump.
Methods Of Prevention of Cavitation are
Some methods are mentioned below which help in preventing cavitation of Centrifugal pump
1.Temperature of liquid transfer is lower.
2.Motor rpm is not more.
3.Use impeller inducer
4.Increse the diameter or radius of the eye of the impeller.
5.Increse in the Liquid level in the suction vessel.
6.Use of two lower capacity pumps in parallel.
Suggested read : Muff Coupling
